When the Reform movement passed a resolution endorsing advocacy for Israeli Arabs, it wasn’t the first time an American Jewish group had backed the cause of Israeli-Arab equality.

In recent years, a growing number of American Jews have thrown their support toward Israeli-Arab causes, including civil rights and advocacy organizations, women’s empowerment courses, student-exchange programs, and even film festivals.

More than 80 Jewish groups belong to the Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli-Arab Issues, which works on behalf of equal treatment of Israeli Arabs and Jews.

The Jewish federations’ Venture Fund for Jewish and Arab Equality and Shared Society, a mix of 21 private family foundations, federations, and philanthropists, has raised more than $1 million for Israeli-Arab causes since its launch in 2007. And in 2006, the Jewish Agency for Israel announced it would invest in projects benefiting Israeli Arabs, scrapping a policy, in place since its founding in 1922, of exclusively helping Jewish causes.

A controversial poster depicting an Israeli soldier clutching a Palestinian woman’s breast was created by an Israeli-Arab group that receives funding from diaspora Jews.

Last week’s unanimous endorsement of the cause by American Jewry’s largest religious movement, at the biennial conference in Toronto of the Union for Reform Judaism, was the latest sign that Jewish support for Israeli-Arab causes has gone mainstream.

“There’s no doubt that more money has been given to this issue then ever before. It’s become a mainstream issue,” said Rabbi Brian Lurie, co-chair of the Inter-Agency Task Force, a former CEO of the Jewish federation of San Francisco and one of the key Jewish activists raising money in the diaspora for Israeli Arabs. “Whether your mind-set is equality, whether it’s the security of Israel, whether it’s building bridges, all three reasons are involved and these are compelling reasons.”

Arab citizens constitute approximately 20 percent of Israel’s population of 7 million. Though they have the same rights accorded Israel’s Jewish citizens, studies have shown that Israeli Arabs routinely suffer from employment discrimination and receive fewer government funds than Israel’s Jewish sector in such areas as education, infrastructure, and welfare.

In 2006, an Israeli government committee set up to investigate riots in October 2000, in which Israeli police fire left 12 Arab protesters dead, determined that Israel long had neglected its Arab citizens. The Or Commission finding helped pave the way for mainstream Jewish groups to support a cause long championed by organizations such as the New Israel Fund and the Abraham Project.

Not everyone is happy about it.

Morton Klein, president of the Zionist Organization of America, says American Jews should not be sending funds to an Israeli community that is disloyal toward Israel. He cited visits by Israeli-Arab lawmakers to enemy states such as Syria by way of example.

“I think it’s a mistake to be raising money for Israeli Arabs, at least until they show their support for Israel and its rights,” Klein said. “There’s been an inverse relationship between the monies being allocated to the Israeli-Arab communities and their loyalties and commitment to Israel.”

The New Israel Fund, for example, has come under fire for its support of Israeli-Arab advocacy groups that take controversial positions, including calls for eliminating Israel’s Jewish character. Just last week, three NIF-funded Arab Israeli groups were behind a poster suggesting that Israeli soldiers sexually violate Palestinian women, prompting critics to cry foul.

The NIF defended its position even as it criticized the poster, which publicized a conference on sexual rights in Muslim societies called “My Land, Space, Body and Sexuality: Palestinians in the Shadow of the Wall.”

“While we certainly defend the conference as appropriate — and as always, may disagree with our grantees on some key issues but see no reason to force them into ideological lockstep — there’s no question that the poster in question is unnecessarily provocative and misleading,” NIF communications director Naomi Paiss told JTA.

Other Jewish organizational officials say the Israeli-Arab community needs to be held to account.

“We need to hold the leaders of the Israeli-Arab community or any other community to be responsible,” said Malcolm Hoenlein, executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish American Organizations, which is a member of the Inter-Agency Task Force. “That means that when there are incitements or actions that are detrimental, they need to counter it.”

Warning that some of the money donated with the intent of bolstering Israeli society by reaching out to Israeli Arabs is used for “questionable purposes,” Hoenlein said donations by diaspora Jews should be put to use effectively “to counter the Islamist forces, encourage moderation, and create conditions that are inductive to it.”

American Jews who support funding Israeli-Arab causes say they do so out of concern for Israel’s democracy and Jewish values.

“Israel’s strength and survival depend on the democratic nature of the Jewish state,” said the Reform movement’s resolution on the issue. “These imperatives require that we be ever sensitive to the aspirations and just demands of Israel’s minority citizens.”

Jessica Balaban, the executive director of the Inter-Agency Task Force, says her mission transcends political and ideological boundaries.

“With better education, people understand that improving the quality of life for the Arab citizens of Israel is not only a moral imperative but also in our self-interest, and it’s been well received by the Arab community here,” she told JTA by phone from Israel.

Rabbi Pesach Lerner, vice president of the National Council of Young Israel, an umbrella organization for Orthodox synagogues, said he objects to funding Israeli-Arab causes as a matter of priorities.

“Tradition teaches us priorities, and those priorities dictate that we give to our own families first,” Lerner said. “Jews in Israel have needs, and you don’t see the Arabs giving money to the Jews.”

Rabbi David Ellenson, president of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, subscribes to an opposing theological view. Quoting the biblical injunction to “welcome the stranger in your midst,” Ellenson says it’s a religious imperative — and eventually it will strengthen Israel.

“In general,” he said, “I think that people who are treated with respect and dignity tend to respond to those who treat them this way.”

Israelis protesting an extension of the settlement construction freeze warn Sept. 12 that Benjamin Netanyahu should not repeat the policies of the Sharon government, which removed settlements. Similar campaigns have not appeared in the United States. Abir Sultan/Flash 90/JTA

WASHINGTON – Don’t expect a familiar American echo now that west bank settlers are gearing up to fight the possible extension of Israel’s settlement freeze.

Activists on the left and right in Israel usually get their allies in the American Jewish community to fight for the cause of the day with congressional lobbying and protests to Israeli and American officials.

News Analysis

But with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu sending signals that he might extend, at least partially, the west bank construction freeze he imposed 10 months ago, American Jewish groups supportive of west bank settlements do not appear to be gearing up for battle. At least not yet.

The reason, activists say, is that American Jews on the right still support Netanyahu, and there is virtual unanimous support on Capitol Hill for extending the freeze if it will help keep the Palestinians at the negotiating table.

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas has threatened to withdraw from the talks if the freeze is not extended, and last week President Obama said he supports an extension. This week, Netanyahu suggested that he’s open to some sort of compromise.

Morton Klein, the president of the Zionist Organization of America, which supports settlers’ rights to build, said that although he is not pleased, there is little his or other U.S. Jewish organizations can do. Last week he issued an appeal to Netanyahu not to extend the freeze. Klein said he also has sounded out members of Congress, and no one was ready to oppose an extension of the freeze.

“If Obama and Israel both are doing it, it’s very hard for a congressman to take a position that both Israel and America support,” Klein said. “What’s in it for them politically?”

In Israel, however, settlers are gearing up for a major effort aimed at embarrassing pro-settler parties into quitting Netanyahu’s government and thereby causing it to fall.

“We can use the political leverage we have within the political system to make the extension of the moratorium impossible,” Danny Dayan, the chairman of the Yesha Council, the settlements’ umbrella body. Dayan spoke to JTA earlier this month during a trip to the United States to rally opposition to the renewed talks.

But with a prime minister in office who carries credibility with the American Jewish right, activists on the right said they are willing to give Netanyahu leeway — for now.

Aaron Troodler, the spokesman for the National Council of Young Israel, which is strongly pro-settlements, said in a statement that his group would consider an extension of the west bank construction freeze regrettable, but he did not outline any protest actions.

“The National Council of Young Israel has friends, family, and Young Israel synagogues in Yehudah and Shomron, and we are deeply concerned about their ability to enhance their communities while the moratorium remains intact and their growth is inhibited by virtue of the building freeze,” Troodler said, using the Hebrew for Judea and Samaria, the Israeli terms for the west bank. “The residents of Yehudah and Shomron need a place to live and grow and should rightfully be permitted to do so, just as people in communities around the world are permitted to do. It would be unjust for their rights to be curtailed any longer.”

But Israeli officials remain concerned about a possible backlash from the American Jewish right should the freeze be extended in some form.

“The moratorium was very unpopular with the American Jewish right,” Michael Oren, the Israeli ambassador to Washington, said recently in an interview with Jewish media. “I anticipate further, if we move down this road toward an agreement with the Palestinians, that’s just going to begin.”

Jewish groups on the left also are watching developments.

“The extension of the moratorium requires a proactive action by the government,” wrote Lara Friedman, director of policy for Americans for Peace Now. “The moratorium is set, under law, to expire automatically on September 26th. Absent affirmative action by the government to extend the moratorium, settlement construction will be able to immediately restart.”

As many as 2,000 housing units are likely to start right away, Friedman told JTA, because infrastructure already is in place or money already has been invested by buyers and developers. Another 11,000 units could be built at anytime, she said.

William Daroff, the Washington director of the Jewish Federations of North America, said Netanyahu’s approach to the peace process will continue to set the tone for the U.S. Jewish community.

“Anytime there’s a story about the settlement freeze being nuanced, you see folks on the right being critical,” he said. “The vast majority of American Jewry believes that Netanyahu, as the democratically elected leader, is in the best position to determine what is best for Israel.”

JTA