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Schizophrenia research and the Jews

New clinical research study on schizophrenia

 
 
 

Sanofi-Aventis, a Malverne, Pa.-based pharmaceutical company, is enrolling subjects in a study of a new treatment to help schizophrenia patients improve cognitive functioning. Although a press release was sent to Jewish newspapers in this area, according to Brian Gaines, trial manager at Sanofi-Aventis, Jewish subjects are not specifically being recruited; the company is looking for any schizophrenia patients who are stable and relatively healthy. The drug, which is a new compound developed by his company, is thought to work by suppressing certain responses in the brain. It is designed to help patients who have cognitive impairment, that is, according to the press release, “people with schizophrenia [who] struggle to concentrate, remember, and learn.”

In addition to determining whether this new drug can help patients, Gaines explained that the study will test the application of a battery of cognitive tests to evaluate progress in patients. The new evaluation tool, called MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition) is used to measure each patient’s progress throughout the study. A team of statisticians and research scientists working with the FDA has developed this cognitive battery. Gaines reported that trained “raters” will administer the MATRICS test four times during the six-month study to determine whether subjects are improving in cognitive functioning. “This is the largest study using the MATRICS cognitive battery,” said Gaines. If it proves effective, the evaluation tool will be used for testing other drugs that can potentially improve thinking. “It will make it easier to get drugs on the market to help patients with this type of cognitive issue,” Gaines added.

Gaines reported that researchers are at least halfway through the study. According to information on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, the plan is to test the drug on 692 subjects. “We have at least 50 centers across the U.S.,” said Gaines. “It is a very difficult study,” he added. “It involves testing, and rater training, and the subjects are in the study a long time. Getting them back [to test] is a challenge.”

Patients eligible for this study must be between the ages of 18 and 65, and have been diagnosed with schizophrenia at or before the age of 35. Since this new experimental drug (administered daily, in pill form) is intended to supplement current treatment, subjects must already be taking one of five medications for schizophrenia: olanzapine, risperidone/paliperidone, quetiapine, or aripiprazole. The press release adds, “Participants must also be considered outpatients…. Qualified study participants will receive all investigational medication and study-related care at no cost, and may also receive compensation for travel.”

When considering whether to volunteer for a clinical study, people should learn how the study is designed and what it hopes to accomplish, as well as weigh the potential risks and benefits.

The Sanofi-Aventis research study is listed on the National Institutes of Health Website and is registered as an approved Phase II, randomized, double-blind clinical study. A Phase II study is conducted after preclinical testing on cells and animals in the lab and after the first stage of testing with small groups of human subjects has assessed the safety and tolerability of a drug. Randomized double-blind studies are considered the gold standards of scientific research, since groups of subjects are randomly assigned treatments. This means that some of the participants receive different doses of the drug (or drugs) and some receive a placebo (inert substance). “Double blind” refers to the fact that the treatments are coded; at the time of the study and collection of data, neither the subjects nor the investigators know which treatment any given subject is receiving. After data are collected and analyzed, the code is broken so that the investigators can determine the effectiveness of treatment.

The project has research sites at Weill Cornell Medical College in Manhattan and White Plains, N.Y. (914-682-6974), at SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, N.Y. (718-270-2004) and at Neurobehavioral Research, Inc., in Cedarhurst, N.Y. (516-295-7230). More information can be obtained by calling (888) 988-6736 or on the web at http://www.cognitivestudy.com.

Miryam Z. Wahrman is professor of biology at William Paterson University in Wayne. She has done research and written extensively on bioethics and biomedical science.
 

More on: Schizophrenia research and the Jews

 
 
 

In the late 1990s the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University placed an advertisement in a number of newspapers, including this one, recruiting Jewish research subjects. The ad read: “Ashkenazi Jewish families are needed to help scientists understand the biological basis for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.” Now a new study recruiting schizophrenia patients in northern New Jersey is seeking volunteers. Although that study is recruiting from the Jewish community as well as the general population, past studies have targeted Jewish populations, in particular Ashkenazi Jews. Has this occurred because Jews are more likely to suffer from mental illness than other groups? Scientific research has not supported this notion; experts estimate the incidence of schizophrenia in the Ashkenazi Jewish population to be no higher than that of the general population (about one percent).

 
 
 
 
 
 
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Five months in Kenya

Changing lives for the better — including her own

When you step off a 15-hour plane ride and face the stark realization that you will be without running water, a flushing toilet, electricity, a refrigerator, a microwave, or air conditioning for the next five months, that is when you know you have stepped out of your comfort zone. When you realize that you are unexpectedly the only white person in the village in which you will be living, let alone the only Jew (my coworker thought we were extinct), that is when you know your comfort zone is worlds away.

This is how I spent much of the last half-year, and I loved it. You might think I am crazy, and I will not disagree with you. However, when you throw yourself into a culture half-a-world away from your own, forcing you to challenge your own beliefs, you live in constant fascination at how the world operates so smoothly — after you learn to shower properly with a bucket, milk a cow, slaughter a chicken, and cook over a wood-burning fire, that is.

 

Focus on European Jewry

Belgium: One nation, divided

Few Jewish couples define their marriage as “mixed” just because bride and groom were born and raised 30 miles apart in the same country.

Linda and Bernard Levy, however, live in Belgium, a country whose long experiment in fusing two distinct cultures recently has been showing signs of breakdown. With the Dutch-speaking Flemish half of the country increasingly at odds with the French-speaking part, Belgium’s corresponding Jewish communities are finding themselves at loggerheads, as well.

Linda was born in Antwerp, the capital of Flanders in the self-governing Flemish region. She rarely uses Flemish (similar to Dutch), the language of her youth, since she married Bernard, a Francophone from Brussels. They live just outside Brussels with their three children.

 

Mohammed Hameeduddin: Emphasizing commonality is key

As a long-time resident who is completing his first two-year term as mayor of Teaneck and was decisively re-elected to his third council term on Tuesday, Mohammed Hameeduddin has come to understand and revel in the commonalities between his Muslim community and the Jewish community which he serves, and which helped elect him.

Being on the campaign trail — such as it was, in the run-up to this past Tuesday’s municipal’s elections — highlighted one aspect of that commonality.

“The Jewish people of Teaneck are very similar to the Muslim community, because when you walk in, the first thing everybody makes sure to ask is ‘Did you eat?’ That’s the first question every grandmother asks. It’s very similar if you walk into a Muslim household from south Asia,” says Hameeduddin, whose parents came to America from India in the late 1960s.

 

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Shirah still going strong at 18

Community chorus looks to the future

As Shirah, the Community Chorus at the Kaplen JCC on the Palisades, prepares to celebrate its 18th year with a gala concert on June 10, founding director and conductor Matthew Lazar says he is proud of what the group represents.

“Shirah is a community,” said Lazar, known to his friends as Mati.

“It’s a group of people who care about each other, making music together, and expressing their Jewish identity together. Whatever differences there might be, when we make music together, we are one entity and one people.”

 

Shirah still going strong at 18

Matthew “Mati” Lazar’s passion for Jewish music will be showcased June 1-2 when he visits Teaneck’s Congregaton Beth Sholom as scholar-in-residence.

Adina Avery-Grossman, a member of the congregation who sits on the board of the Zamir Choral Foundation, knows Lazar well.

“My high school-age daughter sang for three years with HaZamir,” she explained, talking about the teenager’s participation in the international Jewish high school choir founded by Lazar.

The Bergen County chapter meets at Beth Sholom.

“It was a spectacular experience for my daughter, choral music of the highest standards.”

 

The ultimate Top Ten list

Myths and misperceptions surround ‘the Ten’

Last week, a U.S. district court judge sitting in Roanoke, Va., made an extraordinary suggestion about the document commonly referred to as “The Ten Commandments.” He suggested it be cut to six. He appointed another judge to oversee negotiations to accomplish that goal.

The case involves Narrows High School in Narrows, Va., a part of the Giles County school district, which is the actual defendant in the case. After Narrows High put up a display of “The Ten Commandments,” the American Civil Liberties Union objected and brought the case to the U.S. District Court in Roanoke. It cited the separation clause of the First Amendment, as well as a number of federal court decisions, as its reasons.

 
 
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